Ben is about 3 years old in this clip and he is illustrating emergent reading of a familiar story. He knows the book by heart as it has been read to him so many times. He is not decoding words or reading them by sight (that will come within the next few years), but the pictures and repeated language allow him to do "what readers do." You can also tell that he knows "that print carries meaning" (that is, he knows the squiggles carry a message of what to say) and he is demonstrating book handling skills. These experiences as emergent readers build motivation for and positive associations with reading.

CLIP A: Example of a kindergarten reader. Does this video represent implicit or explicit instruction? What are the skills and/or dispositions towards reading that a shared experience such as this one may develop in readers such as Alizar? Answer: Implicit. This clip illustrates shared reading and many skills are being reinforced or developed: phonological awareness (rhyming), concepts about print (note the left to right tracking), using picture clues to support reading. Shared reading also engages readers in a shared experience, building positive associations with reading and hearing fluent reading modeled.

CLIP B: Example of a kindergarten reader. Does this video represent implicit or explicit instruction? What are the skills and/or dispositions towards reading that a shared experience such as this one may develop in readers such as Alizar? Answer: Explicit. This clip illustrates explicit teaching of phonological awareness/rhyming using the gradual release of responsibility (I Do, We Do, You Do) and instruction in a discrete skill (rhyming) out of context.

Elkonin Boxes help the reader hear and isolate the phonemes in words. This video shows a little girl learning to isolate the phonemes in a Spanish word. Some of the phonemes are more challenging for her as they are not in her first language, English.

This video illustrates both an oral reading assessment and a comprehension conversation. Note Maya's fluent reading, her use of self-corrections, and the comprehension she displays during the retelling.

Minilesson on Understanding Characters' Feelings: Notice that the minilesson demonstrates to readers HOW to comprehend. Notice teacher modeling and opportunity to turn-and-talk.